本文涵盖了基于N组的加强学习（RL）算法。我们为TD-，Sarsa-and Q-Learning提供了新的算法，这些算法在各种游戏中无缝工作，任意数量的玩家。这是通过采用以球员为中心的视图来实现的，其中每个玩家将他/她的奖励传播到以前的轮次。我们将称为最终适应RL（Farl）的新元素添加到所有这些算法。我们的主要贡献是，Farl是一项最重要的成分，可以在各种游戏中以可爱的球员为中心的观点实现成功。我们向七个棋盘游戏报告结果1,2和3名球员，包括奥赛罗，Connectfour和Hex。在大多数情况下，发现Farl非常重要，无法学习近乎完美的竞争策略。所有算法都在GitHub上的GBG框架中提供。

Text-based personality computing (TPC) has gained many research interests in NLP. In this paper, we describe 15 challenges that we consider deserving the attention of the research community. These challenges are organized by the following topics: personality taxonomies, measurement quality, datasets, performance evaluation, modelling choices, as well as ethics and fairness. When addressing each challenge, not only do we combine perspectives from both NLP and social sciences, but also offer concrete suggestions towards more valid and reliable TPC research.

Stance detection (SD) can be considered a special case of textual entailment recognition (TER), a generic natural language task. Modelling SD as TER may offer benefits like more training data and a more general learning scheme. In this paper, we present an initial empirical analysis of this approach. We apply it to a difficult but relevant test case where no existing labelled SD dataset is available, because this is where modelling SD as TER may be especially helpful. We also leverage measurement knowledge from social sciences to improve model performance. We discuss our findings and suggest future research directions.

Synergetic use of sensors for soil moisture retrieval is attracting considerable interest due to the different advantages of different sensors. Active, passive, and optic data integration could be a comprehensive solution for exploiting the advantages of different sensors aimed at preparing soil moisture maps. Typically, pixel-based methods are used for multi-sensor fusion. Since, different applications need different scales of soil moisture maps, pixel-based approaches are limited for this purpose. Object-based image analysis employing an image object instead of a pixel could help us to meet this need. This paper proposes a segment-based image fusion framework to evaluate the possibility of preparing a multi-scale soil moisture map through integrated Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) data. The results confirmed that the proposed methodology was able to improve soil moisture estimation in different scales up to 20% better compared to pixel-based fusion approach.

Machine Learning (ML) technologies have been increasingly adopted in Medical Cyber-Physical Systems (MCPS) to enable smart healthcare. Assuring the safety and effectiveness of learning-enabled MCPS is challenging, as such systems must account for diverse patient profiles and physiological dynamics and handle operational uncertainties. In this paper, we develop a safety assurance case for ML controllers in learning-enabled MCPS, with an emphasis on establishing confidence in the ML-based predictions. We present the safety assurance case in detail for Artificial Pancreas Systems (APS) as a representative application of learning-enabled MCPS, and provide a detailed analysis by implementing a deep neural network for the prediction in APS. We check the sufficiency of the ML data and analyze the correctness of the ML-based prediction using formal verification. Finally, we outline open research problems based on our experience in this paper.

图形信号处理（GSP）中的基本前提是，将目标信号的成对（反）相关性作为边缘权重以用于图形过滤。但是，现有的快速图抽样方案仅针对描述正相关的正图设计和测试。在本文中，我们表明，对于具有强固有抗相关的数据集，合适的图既包含正边缘和负边缘。作为响应，我们提出了一种以平衡签名图的概念为中心的线性时间签名的图形采样方法。具体而言，给定的经验协方差数据矩阵$ \ bar {\ bf {c}} $，我们首先学习一个稀疏的逆矩阵（Graph laplacian）$ \ MATHCAL {l} $对应于签名图$ \ Mathcal $ \ Mathcal {G} $ 。我们为平衡签名的图形$ \ Mathcal {g} _b $ - 近似$ \ Mathcal {g} $通过Edge Exge Exgement Exgmentation -As Graph频率组件定义Laplacian $ \ Mathcal {L} _b $的特征向量。接下来，我们选择样品以将低通滤波器重建误差分为两个步骤最小化。我们首先将Laplacian $ \ Mathcal {L} _b $的所有Gershgorin圆盘左端对齐，最小的EigenValue $ \ lambda _ {\ min}（\ Mathcal {l} _b）$通过相似性转换$ \ MATHCAL $ \ MATHCAL} s \ Mathcal {l} _b \ s^{ - 1} $，利用最新的线性代数定理，称为gershgorin disc perfect perfect对齐（GDPA）。然后，我们使用以前的快速gershgorin盘式对齐采样（GDAS）方案对$ \ Mathcal {L} _p $进行采样。实验结果表明，我们签名的图形采样方法在各种数据集上明显优于现有的快速采样方案。

在县粒度上预测每年农作物的产量对于国家粮食生产和价格稳定至关重要。在本文中，为了实现更好的作物产量预测，利用最新的图形信号处理（GSP）工具来利用相邻县之间的空间相关性，我们通过图形光谱滤波来证明相关的特征，这些特征是深度学习预测模型的输入。具体而言，我们首先构建一个具有边缘权重的组合图，该图可以通过公制学习编码土壤和位置特征的县对县的相似性。然后，我们通过最大的后验（MAP）配方使用图形laplacian正常化程序（GLR）来定性特征。我们关注的挑战是估算关键的权重参数$ \ mu $，交易忠诚度和GLR，这是噪声差异的函数，以无监督的方式。我们首先使用发现局部恒定区域的图集集合检测（GCD）过程直接从噪声浪费的图形信号估算噪声方差。然后，我们通过通过偏置变化分析来计算最佳$ \ mu $最大程度地减少近似平方误差函数。收集到的USDA数据的实验结果表明，使用DeNo的特征作为输入，可以明显改善作物产量预测模型的性能。

在医学科学中，在不同疾病上收集多个数据非常重要，并且数据最重要的目标是调查疾病。心肌梗死是死亡率的严重危险因素，并且在以往的研究中，主要重点是通过人口统计学特征，超声心动图和心电图测量心肌梗死的可能性。相反，本研究的目的是利用数据分析算法，并比较他们的心脏病发作患者的准确性，以便通过考虑到应急行动并因此预测心肌梗死期间心肌梗死期间的心肌强度。为此目的，通过数据分析的分类技术收集和研究，包括随机的分类技术，包括随机的分类技术来收集和研究，包括年龄，紧急操作时间，肌酸磷酸氨基酶（CPK）试验，心率，血糖和静脉的105名心肌梗死患者。决策林，决策树，支持向量机（SVM），k离邻居和序数逻辑回归。最后，在平均评估指标方面，选择了精度为76％的随机决定林的模型作为最佳模型。此外，肌酸磷酸氨基酶试验，尿素，白色和红细胞计数，血糖，时间和血红蛋白的七种特征被鉴定为喷射分数变量的最有效特征。

互联网流量识别是访问提供商的重要工具，因为识别与网络上传输的不同数据数据包相关的流量类别有助于他们定义改编的优先级。这意味着，例如，音频会议的高优先级要求和文件传输的低点要求，以增强用户体验。随着互联网流量越来越加密，主流经典的流量识别技术，有效载荷检查是无效的。本文使用机器学习技术进行加密的流量分类，仅查看数据包大小和到达时间。尖峰神经网络（SNN）在很大程度上受到生物神经元的操作的启发，原因有两个。首先，他们能够识别与时间相关的数据包功能。其次，它们可以在能量足迹低的神经形态硬件上有效地实施。在这里，我们使用了一个非常简单的馈电SNN，只有一个完全连接的隐藏层，并使用新引入的方法以替代梯度学习为监督的方式进行了训练。令人惊讶的是，如此简单的SNN在ISCX数据集上达到了95.9％的精度，表现优于先前的方法。除了更好的精度外，简单性也有很大的改善：输入大小，神经元数量，可训练的参数均减少一到四个数量级。接下来，我们分析了这种良好准确性的原因。事实证明，除了空间（即数据包大小）功能之外，SNN还利用了暂时性的功能，主要是几乎同步（在200ms范围内）到达的数据包，具有某些尺寸的数据包。综上所述，这些结果表明，SNN非常适合加密的互联网流量分类：它们比传统的人工神经网络（ANN）更准确，并且可以在低功率嵌入式系统上有效实施。

The chest X-ray is one of the most commonly accessible radiological examinations for screening and diagnosis of many lung diseases. A tremendous number of X-ray imaging studies accompanied by radiological reports are accumulated and stored in many modern hospitals' Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). On the other side, it is still an open question how this type of hospital-size knowledge database containing invaluable imaging informatics (i.e., loosely labeled) can be used to facilitate the data-hungry deep learning paradigms in building truly large-scale high precision computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems.In this paper, we present a new chest X-ray database, namely "ChestX-ray8", which comprises 108,948 frontalview X-ray images of 32,717 unique patients with the textmined eight disease image labels (where each image can have multi-labels), from the associated radiological reports using natural language processing. Importantly, we demonstrate that these commonly occurring thoracic diseases can be detected and even spatially-located via a unified weaklysupervised multi-label image classification and disease localization framework, which is validated using our proposed dataset. Although the initial quantitative results are promising as reported, deep convolutional neural network based "reading chest X-rays" (i.e., recognizing and locating the common disease patterns trained with only image-level labels) remains a strenuous task for fully-automated high precision CAD systems.